Compiling Application with Closure Compiler

The OpenLayers 3 code uses the Closure Library, and it is compiled with the Closure Compiler. Using OpenLayers 3 in an application does not require using Closure. But using Closure in an OpenLayers 3 application is possible. And this is what this tutorial is about.

This tutorial will teach you how to set up an OpenLayers 3 application based on the closure-util node package, which provides utilities for working with Closure. Using closure-util is one way to use Closure in a web application, but there are others. This tutorial just covers the "closure-util" way.

The closure-util documentation is available on the closure-util readme page. You don't need to read the closure-util documentation to follow this tutorial, but it's available in closure-util's readme file if you need it.

Also, the sample application built in this tutorial is available on GitHub.

Advantages of using Closure

This tutorial will show you how to use the Closure Compiler to compile an application and OpenLayers 3 together. Compiling the application code together with the OpenLayers 3 code has a number of advantages.

First of all, it allows you to only "pay" for the OpenLayers 3 code your application uses, as the compiler will exclude the OpenLayers 3 code that the application doesn't use. And there is no need to write and maintain a list of "exports", which is necessary when creating custom builds of OpenLayers 3.

Also, compiling the application and OpenLayers 3 together allows using OpenLayers 3 functions and objects that are not part of the official OpenLayers 3 API. Using non-API functions and objects may be risky, but it is mitigated by the fact that the compiler will complain if you use functions or objects that are not in OpenLayers 3 anymore.

Setting up the Application

First, create a directory for the application. We will name that directory openlayers-closure-application in this tutorial.

$ mkdir openlayers-closure-application

Now change to that directory:

$ cd openlayers-closure-application

Our application will be a node application, and the openlayers and closure-util node packages will be downloaded from the node package registry using the npm command line tool.

So we're going to create a package.json file for the application, which every node application includes. This file basically includes metadata for the application.

Create the application's package.json file:

$ npm init

You can pretty much use the default answers to the questions npm init asks you.

Now install OpenLayers 3 using:

$ npm install openlayers --save

The --save flag persists the openlayers dependency in the application's package.json file. You can edit package.json to verify that the dependency was added.

closure-util is a dependency of the openlayers package, so it should have been installed with openlayers. Use the following to verify that closure-util is installed:

$ ./node_modules/openlayers/node_modules/.bin/closure-util

command argument is required

Usage: node closure-util <command> [options]

command     
  update-compiler     Update the Compiler
  update-library      Update the Library
  update              Update both the Library and the Compiler
  build               Build with Closure Compiler
  serve               Start the development server

Options:
   -l LEVEL, --loglevel LEVEL   Log level  [info]

Create an OpenLayers 3 map

You're now going to create a JavaScript file that creates an OpenLayers 3 map. This is the file that we will define the application's entry point.

First of all create an src directory at the root of the application:

$ mkdir src

Now add a file main.js to src, with the following content:

goog.provide('app');

goog.require('ol.Map');
goog.require('ol.View');
goog.require('ol.layer.Tile');
goog.require('ol.source.OSM');


/**
 * @type {ol.Map}
 */
app.map = new ol.Map({
  target: 'map',
  layers: [
    new ol.layer.Tile({
      source: new ol.source.OSM()
    })
  ],
  view: new ol.View({
    center: [0, 0],
    zoom: 4
  })
});

goog.provide('app') creates the namespace app for the application. The goog.require statements that follow define the OpenLayers constructors and namespaces that the application uses. The rest of the code just creates the OpenLayers map as you would do in any OpenLayers application.

Compiling the Application

We're now going to compile the application and OpenLayers 3 together, using the Closure Compiler and closure-util. For this we need to create a JSON config file, that we will then pass as an input file to the closure-util command.

The minimum config file looks like this:

{
  "lib": [
    "node_modules/openlayers/src/**/*.js",
    "node_modules/openlayers/build/ol.ext/**/*.js",
    "src/**/*.js"
  ],
  "compile": {
    "closure_entry_point": "app",
    "externs": [
      "node_modules/openlayers/externs/bingmaps.js",
      "node_modules/openlayers/externs/closure-compiler.js",
      "node_modules/openlayers/externs/geojson.js",
      "node_modules/openlayers/externs/proj4js.js",
      "node_modules/openlayers/externs/tilejson.js",
      "node_modules/openlayers/externs/topojson.js"
    ],
    "define": [
      "goog.array.ASSUME_NATIVE_FUNCTIONS=true",
      "goog.dom.ASSUME_STANDARDS_MODE=true",
      "goog.json.USE_NATIVE_JSON=true",
      "goog.DEBUG=false",
      "ol.ENABLE_DOM=false",
      "ol.ENABLE_WEBGL=false"
    ],
    "js": [
      "node_modules/openlayers/externs/olx.js",
      "node_modules/openlayers/externs/oli.js"
    ],
    "jscomp_off": [
      "unknownDefines"
    ],
    "extra_annotation_name": [
      "api", "observable"
    ],
    "compilation_level": "ADVANCED",
    "warning_level": "VERBOSE",
    "output_wrapper": "(function(){%output%})();",
    "use_types_for_optimization": true
  }
}

Create a config.json file with the above content at the root of the application directory.

We can now use closure-util to compile the code:

$ ./node_modules/openlayers/node_modules/.bin/closure-util build config.json app.js

The resulting app.js file, which you can view in your editor if you're curious, includes a minified version of the application code (main.js), and the OpenLayers 3 code that the application code uses.

Here is a version of config.json with more compilation checks enabled:

{
  "lib": [
    "node_modules/openlayers/src/**/*.js",
    "node_modules/openlayers/build/ol.ext/**/*.js",
    "src/**/*.js"
  ],
  "compile": {
    "closure_entry_point": "app",
    "externs": [
      "node_modules/openlayers/externs/bingmaps.js",
      "node_modules/openlayers/externs/closure-compiler.js",
      "node_modules/openlayers/externs/geojson.js",
      "node_modules/openlayers/externs/proj4js.js",
      "node_modules/openlayers/externs/tilejson.js",
      "node_modules/openlayers/externs/topojson.js"
    ],
    "define": [
      "goog.array.ASSUME_NATIVE_FUNCTIONS=true",
      "goog.dom.ASSUME_STANDARDS_MODE=true",
      "goog.json.USE_NATIVE_JSON=true",
      "goog.DEBUG=false",
      "ol.ENABLE_DOM=false",
      "ol.ENABLE_WEBGL=false"
    ],
    "js": [
      "node_modules/openlayers/externs/olx.js",
      "node_modules/openlayers/externs/oli.js"
    ],
    "jscomp_error": [
      "accessControls",
      "ambiguousFunctionDecl",
      "checkEventfulObjectDisposal",
      "checkRegExp",
      "checkTypes",
      "checkVars",
      "const",
      "constantProperty",
      "deprecated",
      "duplicateMessage",
      "es3",
      "es5Strict",
      "externsValidation",
      "fileoverviewTags",
      "globalThis",
      "internetExplorerChecks",
      "invalidCasts",
      "misplacedTypeAnnotation",
      "missingGetCssName",
      "missingProperties",
      "missingProvide",
      "missingRequire",
      "missingReturn",
      "newCheckTypes",
      "nonStandardJsDocs",
      "suspiciousCode",
      "strictModuleDepCheck",
      "typeInvalidation",
      "undefinedNames",
      "undefinedVars",
      "uselessCode",
      "visibility"
    ],
    "jscomp_off": [
      "unknownDefines"
    ],
    "extra_annotation_name": [
      "api", "observable"
    ],
    "compilation_level": "ADVANCED",
    "warning_level": "VERBOSE",
    "output_wrapper": "(function(){%output%})();",
    "use_types_for_optimization": true
  }
}

Create an HTML file for the Application

You can now go ahead and create a simple HTML for the application. Create a index.html file with the following content at the root the application directory:

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="chrome=1">
    <meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no, width=device-width">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="node_modules/openlayers/css/ol.css" type="text/css">
    <title>Simple example</title>
    <style>
      #map {
        width: 600px;
        height: 400px;
      }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div id="map"></div>
    <script src="app.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
  </body>
</html>

Note that the page includes a script tag referencing the app.js file, which is the file resulting from the compilation.

You are done!

Run Application in Debug Mode

As a bonus, we're going to show how to use closure-util to run the application in "debug" mode, where the original application and OpenLayers scripts are loaded one by one in the page.

Start the closure-util development server:

$ ./node_modules/openlayers/node_modules/.bin/closure-util serve config.json

Now change the script tag to the following in the index.html file:

      <script src="@?main=src/main.js" type="text/javascript"></script>

Reload the page in your browser and you should see that scripts are now loaded individually, making debugging much easier.